Alcatraz Island And Prison Essays - Alcatraz Island, Free Essays

Alcatraz Island And Prison Essays - Alcatraz Island, Free Essays Alcatraz Island And Prison Alcatraz Island has quite a distinct history. Many people know that Alcatraz served as a federal prison, but most are reluctant to know that this island served as fort. Built before the Civil War, it served two main purposes. First, that it was to guard the San Francisco bay area from enemy ships against a foreign invasion, and second, to hold hostage prisoners of war or POW's as they were called. In this report, I'll show you how this fortress came to be a federal prison, why it is no longer in operation today, and most importantly, to show why it was built in the first place. When the great Gold Rush of 1849 first started, California grew from what would be considered a small, unpopulated state, into what it is now. California is now one of the most populated states and it was mostly the gold rush that brought attention to California. As the government saw all of this happening, they realized that California was much more important than they ever realized. In their realization, they decided that California must be protected. San Francisco has one of the largest bays in all of California, and so this was where enemy countries would most likely to try to invade the country. So this is where Alcatraz was to lie, to serve as a military fort. It was supposed to serve as a secondary base in companionship to another base located on the other side of Golden Gate Bridge. But with severe problems trying to build this other base, Alcatraz was to remain alone. Out in the middle of the San Francisco Bay, the island of Alcatraz is definitely a world unto itself. Isolation is just one of the many constants of island life for any inhabitant on Alcatraz Island. It is the most reoccurring theme in the unfolding history of Alcatraz Island. Alcatraz Island is one of Golden Gate National Recreation Area's most popular destinations, offering a close-up look at a historic and infamous federal prison long off-limits to the public. Visitors to the island can not only explore the remnants of the prison, but learn of the American occupation of 1969 - 1971, early military fortifications and the West Coast's first and oldest operating lighthouse. These structures stand among the island's many natural features - gardens, tidepools, bird nests, and bay views beyond compare. (1) Fortress Alcatraz ran in operation from 1850 - 1933. It served as San Francisco's only major defense. It started off with only eleven cannons, that were transported onto the island in 1854. By the early 1860's, Alcatraz had 111 cannons. Some were enormous, firing a fifteen-inch ball weighing over 450 pounds. Defenses included a row of brick enclosed gun positions called case mates to protect the dock; a fortified gateway or a Sally Port to block the entrance road; and a three-story citadel on top of the island. This served both as an armed barracks and as a last line defense strategy. Even though Alcatraz was built to withstand a foreign invasion, its most important use was during the Civil War, 1861 - 1865. Seeing as it was the only completed fort in the entire bay, it was vital in the protecting from Confederate Raiders. Early in the war, ten thousand rifles were moved to Alcatraz from the State armory, to prevent them from being used by southern sympathizers. The crew of a Confederate privateer were among the first inmates to be held within The Rock. Alcatraz's notoriety as a penitentiary overshadows its earlier, and longer use by the Army. Surprisingly, this small island once was the most powerful fort west of the Mississippi River. There was some limited modernization of the island's defenses after the Civil War. Rifled cannons were mounted. In 1854 some 450 electrically controlled underwater mines were brought to the island to protect the Bay. However, as the ships of potential enemies became more and more powerful, the defenses were increasing! ly obsolete. In 1907 Alcatraz officially ceased being a fortress and became Pacific Branch, U.S. Military Prison. Alcatraz Island's use as a prison began in December 1859 with the arrival of the first permanent garrison. Eleven of these soldiers were confined in the Sally Port basement. The Army recognized that the cold water (53 F) and swift currents surrounding Alcatraz made it an ideal site for a prison, and in 1861 the post was designated as the military prison for the Department of the Pacific - most

Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles

Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles Research articles are made up of results achieved from conducting original research. These results can be obtained through either primary or secondary analysis.   Fundamental research involves collecting and capturing information directly from the source. Secondary research includes obtaining information from the previous researches done by others and recording it. The essential requirement of a research paper is to look for information relating to the topic, taking a stand/side on the issue and providing evidence for the position taken in an organized manner. The objective of the paper is the essence of a research paper.    A good research paper shows the findings of the research in a clear and concise manner without being mixed up by the wordplay of the author. A cook follows a written recipe to prepare a delicious meal. It is also the same with the author. There is a guideline/recipe that an author should use for him/her to have an interesting research paper. The following is a guideline to writing a good research paper. Selecting the Topic Choosing your topic is the first and the most crucial step in a research project. Before choosing a research topic, a student/author should ask himself/herself such questions: Has this topic been researched upon extensively? Is this topic unique and timely? Is it coherent with my career choice? A student should always choose a topic that he/she is interested. Whenever possible, the author needs to choose a topic that he/she is passionate about. For example, if you are interested in Business Management, write things that involve business issues or evolution of businesses. Do not deviate from your topic. Always consult with your friends and teachers about your chosen topic to get new ideas. If you realize that the topic you chose is not right for you, do not hesitate change. Researching the Topic After selecting a topic suitable for you, you should now start researching. Research can be done using several resources such as journal articles, web pages, books, posts on various blogs, interviews, newsletters, and magazines. You can also apply different online research methods that are well-known these days. Do not rely on one or two sources rather, use at least five sources. Books should be your primary tools to use when researching. Reading as much as you can will help you understand and connect things clearly. You will have the ability to see and seal any loopholes in your research. Analyze and Plan Every type of writing has its own approach. If your research becomes complicated for you, you can prepare a flowchart so that you can know all the stages in a sequence and prepare for them. Print out the research you have gathered online, highlight the key areas in the books you have read and read your research again. Identify if your research paper is argumentative or analytic. An argumentative research paper involves the author taking a side and arguing from that perspective. An analytic paper is prepared when the author freshly reviews an important issue. Lastly, the author should know his/her audience. If you are writing to people who are conversant with topic, you need not explain your ideas using theories. Preparing the Draft of a Research Article Organize your outline. Include in-text citations at the end of an important point. Depending on your paper requirements, follow the formatting guidelines in every part of your paper. You should acknowledge authors by citing your research paper. This is always mandatory. Inserting your citations properly will reduce the chances of your paper being rejected. Preparing the Final Draft Put aside your draft for a day before revising it for you to see any gaps. Rethink your ideas and organize again your paragraphs and sentences when revising. Read your paper out loud or have someone read it for you. Put it all together using the format authorized by your institution. Some universities have their unique way of formatting papers. Your supervisor should assist you by ensuring that the format is correct and the citations well placed before submission. To summarize, there are ten stages that experts go through to ensure that their research article is lovely and entertaining to their readers. The ten steps will help you in creating a hypothesis, testing your ideas and presenting your findings: First, always choose a topic that is right for you. You should enjoy studying and researching it. Secondly, plan your dissertation by creating an outline to organize and reasonably present ideas. Third, make use of transitions. This communicates to the readers that you are moving from one topic to another. Also separate your ideas using paragraphs. Two different ideas should not be put in one section instead, create a new paragraph for a different idea. Direct quotes should be included in your dissertation. They act as pieces of evidence from your sources. The direct quote should prove a point for your topic. Sixth, your paper should be formatted correctly with the help of your supervisor. Continue to write your draft so that it is error free. Ensure your research article has citations that are well placed. All sources should be cited. Create a desirable title for your article. Your topic should go hand in hand with your hypothesis. Lastly, form a memorable conclusion that should prove your point. At our service, we are committed to providing students with expert research paper writing help on different topics and disciplines.